Both were inspired early in their careers by Grieg, both admired Chopin; they are also linked in their musical depictions of the sea, and in their uses of the wordless voice. His most recent publication is British Musical Criticism and Intellectual Thought 1850-1950, an edited set of essays, with Julian Horton (Durham). The Chopin piece was the posthumously published, The building fell into decay after he left it, but it was rescued by. Delius Society. He did not come from a musical family; rather, his father owned a wool company and hoped that his son would follow a career in business. There is only one real happiness in life, and that is the happiness of creating. He describes the wreck of the composer's physique, yet "there was nothing pitiable about him ... his face was strong and disdainful, every line graven on it by intrepid living". The musical compositions of Frederick Delius (1862–1934) cover numerous genres, in a style that developed from the early influences of composers such as Edvard Grieg and Richard Wagner into a voice that was uniquely Delius's. An advertisement in the local paper announced, "Fritz Delius will begin at once giving instruction in Piano, Violin, Theory and Composition. Frederick Delius made his professional debut in 1886 in Paris but achieved his first success in Germany, where his works were promoted by Hans Haym and other conductors in the 1990s. [3] The young Delius was first taught the violin by Rudolph Bauerkeller of the Hallé Orchestra, and had more advanced studies under George Haddock of Leeds. [8] With Beecham's return the composer became, in Hadley's words, "what his most fervent admirers had never envisaged—a genuine popular success". Cardus argues that melody, while not a primary factor, is there abundantly, "floating and weaving itself into the texture of shifting harmony" – a characteristic which Cardus believes is shared only by Debussy. [39][n 11] Fenby later wrote a book about his experiences of working with Delius. My father was a devotee and I must have heard all of his most famous works (On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring, The Walk to the Paradise Garden, La Calinda, et al) well before I started playing his cello music. [2] Jelka bought a house in Grez-sur-Loing, a village 40 miles (64 km) outside Paris on the edge of Fontainebleau. [8] The latter work, entirely wordless, contains some of the most difficult choral music in existence, according to Heseltine. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Frederick Delius’ house near Jacksonville, Florida | Photo courtesy of Waymarking You could say it was a kind of protest song; the composer’s father had disdained his son’s musical passion, yet the Suite written in “exile” became one of his most famous works. He was the second of four sons (there were also ten daughters) born to Julius Delius (1822–1901) and his wife Elise Pauline, née Krönig (1838–1929). "To the Queen of my Heart", "Jeg horde en nyskaaren Seljeflojte" (I once had a newly cut willow pipe), Deux Melodies [Verlaine]: 1. Terms reasonable. [115] Recordings of all the major works, and of many of the individual songs, have been issued at regular intervals since the Second World War. [n 6] Grieg and Sinding were enthusiastic and became warm supporters of Delius. He continued to be engrossed in music, and in Jacksonville he met Thomas Ward, who became his teacher in counterpoint and composition. Here is a collection of some of the best quotes by Frederick Delius on the internet. Heseltine first met Delius in 1911 when, as a schoolboy, he attended a Beecham concert of Delius's works. Ill-health caused him to give up composition in the early 1920s and he was silent for several years, before the services of a devoted amanuensis, Eric Fenby, enabled Delius to resume composing in 1928. "The Homeward Journey" (Vinje); 3. [58] Delius admired the French composer's orchestration, but thought his works lacking in melody[57]—the latter a comment frequently directed against Delius's own music. [20] Nor was Strauss an admirer of Delius, as he was of Elgar; he told Delius that he did not wish to conduct Paris—"the symphonic development seems to me to be too scant, and it seems moreover to be an imitation of Charpentier". Beecham's presentation of A Mass of Life at the Queen's Hall in June 1909 did not inspire Hans Haym, who had come from Elberfeld for the concert,[20] though Beecham says that many professional and amateur musicians thought it "the most impressive and original achievement of its genre written in the last fifty years"[22] Some reviewers continued to doubt the popular appeal of Delius's music, while others were more specifically hostile. [107] In May 1934, when Delius was close to death, Fenby played him Toye's In a Summer Garden, the last music, Fenby says, that Delius ever heard. He had begun to show symptoms of syphilis that he had probably contracted in the 1880s. Born in Bradford in the north of England to a prosperous mercantile family, he resisted attempts to recruit him to commerce. [68] These works became part of the standard English concert repertory, and helped to establish the character of Delius's music in the English concert-goer's mind, although according to Ernest Newman, the concentration on these works to the neglect of his wider output may have done Delius as much harm as good. His music's abiding feature is, Cardus wrote, that it "recollects emotion in tranquillity ... Delius is always reminding us that beauty is born by contemplation after the event". Ibsen's denunciations of social conventions further alienated Delius from his commercial background. Find the latest tracks, albums, and images from Frederick Delius. Share on facebook; twitter; tumblr; Description by Adrian Corleonis . [12] However, other conductors have continued to advocate Delius, and since the centenary year, the Delius Society has pursued the aim of "develop[ing] a greater knowledge of the life and works of Delius". Read Full Biography . These occasions were in the face of a general indifference to the music;[86] writing in the centenary year, the musicologist Deryck Cooke opined that at that time, "to declare oneself a confirmed Delian is hardly less self-defamatory than to admit to being an addict of cocaine and marihuana". In a retrospective comment on the festival The Times critic wrote of full houses and an apparent enthusiasm for "music which hitherto has enjoyed no exceptional vogue", but wondered whether this new acceptance was based on a solid foundation. Once again Beecham, now with the HMV label, led the way, with A Village Romeo and Juliet in 1948, performed by the new Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and Chorus. Choral Works. [20] The work was given under Busoni in Berlin less than a year later. [12] With around 400 members, the Society is independent from the Trust, but works closely with it. In Germany, the regular presentation of Delius's works ceased at the outbreak of the war, and never resumed. Are you interested in famous Frederick Delius quotes? "Il pleure dans mon coeur" (It cries in my heart); 2. Although composed as a pair, the two pieces are often heard separately in programmes and recordings. He began serious composition at a relatively advanced age (his earliest songs date to his early twenties), and his music was largely unknown and unperformed until the early 20th century. ~~ Best Book Brigg Fair And Other Favorite Orchestral Works In Full Score ~~ Uploaded By Danielle Steel, brigg fair and other favorite orchestral works in full score amazonde frederick delius fremdsprachige bucher six of the composers most popular orchestral works include brigg fair which features his brilliant stylizations of folk [5] Julius moved to England to further his career as a wool merchant, and became a naturalised British subject in 1850. [52] Grieg, however, was perhaps the composer who influenced him more than any other. He took treatment at clinics across Europe, but by 1922 he was walking with two sticks, and by 1928 he was paralysed and blind. In the early years of the 20th century, Delius composed some of his most popular works, including Brigg Fair (1907), In a Summer Garden (1908, revised 1911), Summer Night on the River (1911), and On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring (1912), of which McVeagh comments, "These exquisite idylls, for all their composer's German descent and French domicile, spell 'England' for most listeners." [2], Beecham was temporarily absent from the concert hall and opera house between 1920 and 1923, but Coates gave the first performance of A Song of the High Hills in 1920, and Henry Wood and Hamilton Harty programmed Delius's music with the Queen's Hall and Hallé Orchestras. Jacksonville had a rich, though to a European, unorthodox musical life. Mazurka and Waltz for a Little Girl; 3. [60], Delius's first orchestral compositions were, in Christopher Palmer's words, the work of "an insipid if charming water-colourist". [44] The ceremony took place at midnight; the headline in the Sunday Dispatch was "Sixty People Under Flickering Lamps In A Surrey Churchyard". Please check … Max Adrian played Delius, with Christopher Gable as Fenby and Maureen Pryor as Jelka. [34], By the end of the war, Delius and Jelka had returned to Grez. This at long last confirmed Delius as one of England’s most important composers, although by … They are available for free. Thereafter he pursued a wholly musical career. [112] Beecham's former protégé Norman Del Mar recorded a complete Irmelin for BBC Digital in 1985. According to Sir Thomas Beecham, the Dutch Delius family had changed its patronymic from Delij or Deligh to a latinized form of the name some time in the sixteenth century, a common practice at the time. It was this singing, he told Fenby, that first gave him the urge to express himself in music;[49] thus, writes Fenby, many of Delius's early works are "redolent of Negro hymnology and folk-song", a sound "not heard before in the orchestra, and seldom since". [63] Delius's full stylistic maturity dates from around 1907, when he began to write the series of works on which his main reputation rests. In addition to his own intimate acquaintance with Delius and his works, he had access to the letters, papers, scores and memora-bilia that Mrs. Delius had given to the Delius Trust. [27], In the early years of the 20th century, Delius composed some of his most popular works, including Brigg Fair (1907), In a Summer Garden (1908, revised 1911), Summer Night on the River (1911), and On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring (1912), of which McVeagh comments, "These exquisite idylls, for all their composer's German descent and French domicile, spell 'England' for most listeners. The first movement theme was used by Delius in his opera Koanga as a dance, La Calinda; and the 4th movement is another dance with a Spanish atmosphere that Delius might have acquired from the Spanish settlers in Florida. Even so, Delius composed, a mammoth choral and orchestral work pointedly called A Mass of Life (1904-05), which might be described as a pagan oratorio; it is his biggest work outside his operas, and has some claim to be considered his greatest, though it is less completely fulfilled than Sea Drift or his later choral and orchestral masterpiece significantly title The Song of the High Hills (1911-12). When Albert Coates presented the work in London in 1922, its atheism offended some believers. Lullaby for a Modern Baby; 5. The work owes nothing to the traditional Christian liturgy, eschewing notions of an afterlife and celebrating instead a pantheistic renewal of Nature. [24] Later that year, Beecham introduced Brigg Fair to London audiences,[25] and Enrique Fernández Arbós presented Lebenstanz. Frederick Delius, Frederick Theodore Albert Delius CH (1862- 1934), Walk to the Paradise Garden,London Symphony Orchestra, Sir John Barbirolli. Palmer concludes by invoking George Eliot's poem The Choir Invisible: "Frederick Delius ... belongs to the company of those true artists for whose life and work the world is a better place to live in, and of whom surely is composed, in a literal sense, 'the choir invisible/Whose music is the gladness of the world'". The crew included Marie Rambert (ballets), and Sophie Devine (aka "Motley") (art direction "Let Springtime Come, Then" (Den Lenz laβ kommen); 5. [81], In England, a performance of the Piano Concerto on 22 October 1907 at the Queen's Hall was praised for the brilliance of the soloist, Theodor Szántó, and for the power of the music itself. "Ein schöner Stern geht auf in meiner Nacht" (A shining star appears in my night); 3. "[T]he cream of his orchestral output with and without soli and chorus was included", and the hall was filled. His symphonic poem Paa Vidderne was performed in Christiania in 1891 and in Monte Carlo in 1894; Gunnar Heiberg commissioned Delius to provide incidental music for his play Folkeraadet in 1897; and Delius's second opera, The Magic Fountain, was accepted for staging at Prague, but the project fell through for unknown reasons. For example, A Village Romeo and Juliet is, according to Threlfall's counting, the sixth piece of dramatic work Delius composed. 2 Pieces for Small Orchestra (1911,12) (includes the famous On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring.) Of these, "Irmelin" (1892) and "Koanga" (1904) are the most notable. He has very beautifully analysed Delius's work in this detailed study. Making the social rounds in London late in 1898, Delius' attempts to generate interest in his work proved slow going, lightened by the occasional discovery of a sympathetic spirit. Frederick Delius made his professional debut in 1886 in Paris but achieved his first success in Germany, where his works were promoted by Hans Haym and other conductors in the 1990s. (Beecham misdates the concert to February 1893), See Malcolm Walker's "Beecham/Delius discography", included (unpaginated) in Beecham's, Delius: a discography compiled by Stuart Upton and Malcolm Walker, "Delius, Frederick Theodor Albert (1862–1934)", "Tamsin (sic) Little on Delius: regrets of a lost composer", "So Mighty, So Unmusical: How Britannia Found Its Voice", "Warlock, Peter [Heseltine, Philip (Arnold)]", "The Published Writings of Philip Heseltine on Delius", "Philharmonic Concert: Percy Grainger, soloist, plays Delius's Piano Concerto", "About this Recording: 8.557242 – Delius: Violin Concerto (Tintner Edition 10)", "BBC Symphony Orchestra, Sir Andrew Davis, Barbican", Electric Eden: Unearthing Britain's Visionary Music, International Music Score Library Project, Delius's house in Solano Grove, Florida, before and after restoration in 1961, Life, Music and Character of Frederick Delius, Two Songs to be sung of a summer night on the water, Category:Compositions by Frederick Delius, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Delius&oldid=998406687, Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour, People educated at Bradford Grammar School, Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists, University of Music and Theatre Leipzig alumni, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with International Music Score Library Project links, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 January 2021, at 06:42. [88] The music has never become fashionable, a fact often acknowledged by promoters and critics. [33] Nevertheless, his standing with some continental musicians was unaffected; Beecham records that Bartók and Kodály were admirers of Delius, and the former grew into the habit of sending his compositions to Delius for comment and tried to interest him in both Hungarian and Romanian popular music. One of the most important figures in the revival of English music at the turn of the twentieth century, Delius composed original pastoral pieces. Appalachia (choral orchestral variations on an old slave song, also inspired by Florida) followed there in 1905. [92], Just before his death, Delius prepared a codicil to his will whereby the royalties on future performances of his music would be used to support an annual concert of works by young composers. [5] As a result, his music never became widely known in France. [55], According to Palmer, it is arguable that Delius gained his sense of direction as a composer from his French contemporary Claude Debussy. The entr'acte known as "The Walk to the Paradise Garden" is described by Heseltine as showing "all the tragic beauty of mortality ... concentrated and poured forth in music of overwhelming, almost intolerable poignancy". Delius paid little attention to the business of growing oranges, and continued to pursue his musical interests. "Nach neuen Meeren" (By New Seas); 2. [7] He then attended the International College at Isleworth (just west of London) between 1878 and 1880. Overview ↓ Biography ↓ Compositions ↓ Credits ↓ Related ↓ Share on facebook; twitter; tumblr; Compositions. [13] Upon Delius's return to Florida some years later to sell the plantation, it was suggested that Chloe, fearing that he had come to take her son away from her, fled with the child and disappeared. Frederick Delius succeeded in blending the elements of singular quality with the poetic charisma, perfectly using his creative skills. The Delius Society, formed in 1962 by his more dedicated followers, continues to promote knowledge of the composer's life and works, and sponsors the annual Delius Prize competition for young musicians. [70] In Payne's view, the Sketches are the high water mark of Delius's compositional skill,[59] although Fenby awards the accolade to the later Eventyr (Once Upon a Time) (1917). [40], In 1933, the year before both composers died, Elgar, who had flown to Paris to conduct a performance of his Violin Concerto, visited Delius at Grez. Grieg, like Ward before him, recognised Delius's potential. The lyricism in Delius's early compositions reflected the music he had heard in America and the influences of European composers such as Edvard Grieg and Richard Wagner. [74] The other major work, a setting of Walt Whitman poems with the title Songs of Farewell, was an even more alarming prospect to Fenby: "the complexity of thinking in so many strands, often all at once; the problems of orchestral and vocal balance; the wider area of possible misunderstandings ..." combined to leave Delius and his helper exhausted after each session of work—yet both these works were ready for performance in 1932. It was a further ten years before his work was generally accepted in concert halls, and then more often in Europe than in his home country, England. Beecham, who had until then had heard not a note of Delius's music, expressed his "wonderment" and became a lifelong devotee of the composer's works. "There can be no superficial view of Delius's music: either one feels it in the very depths of one's being, or not at all. Quick; 3. "Autumn", "The Violet" accompaniment orchestrated, 1908, "Jeg horer i Natten" (I hear in the night), "La Lune blanche" (The white moon) (Verlaine poem), "Chanson d'Automne" (Song of Autumn) (Verlaine poem), Two songs for children: 1. Also in 1907, Cassirer conducted some concerts in London, at one of which, with Beecham's New Symphony Orchestra, he presented Appalachia. [9] In this work Delius begins to achieve the texture of sound that characterised all his later compositions. [2] A division of Delius's work into phases such as "apprentice" and "middle period" has been suggested by many commentators, notably Anthony Payne in "Delius's Stylistic Development" (1962). [8][59], The four-year association with Fenby from 1929 produced two major works, and several smaller pieces often drawn from unpublished music from Delius's early career. It is an art which will never enjoy an appeal to the many, but one which will always be loved, and dearly loved, by the few. Frederick Delius Given name: Frederick Wednesday, January 29, 1862 Frederick Delius is the most famous person named Delius. [2], In the same year, Delius began a fruitful association with German supporters of his music, the conductors Hans Haym, Fritz Cassirer and Alfred Hertz at Elberfeld, and Julius Buths at Düsseldorf. In November 1915 Grainger gave the first American performance of the Piano Concerto, again with the New York Philharmonic. Here’s the … Basil Dean was the director. Delius : Orchestral & Choral Works, A Village Romeo & Juliet Coffret. They […] Paris, the final work of Delius's apprentice years, is described by Foss as "one of the most complete, if not the greatest, of Delius's musical paintings". When the symphonic poem Paa Vidderne was performed at Monte Carlo on 25 February 1894 in a programme of works from British composers, The Musical Times listed the composers as "... Balfe, Mackenzie, Oakeley, Sullivan ... and one Delius, whoever he may be". "[46] Jelka died two days later, on 28 May. I always felt instinctively attuned to Delius's unique musical language, which seemed akin to watching a painting that is slowly changing in a constantly moving canvas of sound. About Frederick Delius Frederick Theodore Albert Delius, CH (29 January 1862 – 10 June 1934) was an English composer. "[10], While in Florida, Delius had his first composition published, a polka for piano called Zum Carnival. Orchestral Works. Musically it shows a considerable advance in style from the early operas of the apprentice years. [57] Debussy, in a review of Delius's Two Danish Songs for soprano and orchestra given in a concert on 16 March 1901, wrote: "They are very sweet, very pale—music to soothe convalescents in well-to-do neighbourhoods". He became paralysed and blind, but completed some late compositions between 1928 and 1932 with the aid of an amanuensis, Eric Fenby. Frederick Delius composed A Mass of Life in 1904-05, the same period in which he saw the birth of splendid works like Appalachia or his Piano Concerto. Delius later said that Ward's teaching was the only useful music instruction he ever had. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a quick one: Tone poem by Delius which became one of his most famous works. In the first decade of the twentieth century, Delius married the painter Jelka Rosen and produced a number of important works, including the opera A Village Romeo and Juliet, the large-scale choral works Appalachia and A Mass of Life (based on the writings of Nietzsche), a piano concerto, and a number of songs and chamber pieces. [50] Delius's familiarity with "black" music possibly predates his American adventures; during the 1870s a popular singing group, the Fisk Jubilee Singers from Nashville, Tennessee, toured Britain and Europe, giving several well-received concerts in Bradford. This is a new edition of Eric Fenby’s famous book which has not been available in authorised form for some years. " Last Version Brigg Fair And Other Favorite Orchestral Works In Full Score " Uploaded By Patricia Cornwell, six of the composers most popular orchestral works include brigg fair which features his brilliant stylizations of folk rhythms as well as in a summer garden a song of the high hills a dance rhapsody summer night on the river Frederick Delius Dance, for harpsichord in A minor, RT ix/6 . Frederick Delius was an English composer who forged a unique version of the Impressionist musical language of the early twentieth century. Frederick Delius (1862-1934) was one of the most distinctive and individualistic British composers of the early 20th century. At Jacksonville University, the Music Faculty awards an annual Delius Composition Prize. [63], In each of the major works written in the years after Paris, Delius combined orchestral and vocal forces. [85], For the rest of his lifetime Delius's more popular pieces were performed in England and abroad, often under the sponsorship of Beecham, who was primarily responsible for the Delius festival in October–November 1929. One either likes it the moment one first hears it, or the sound of it is once and for ever distasteful to one. The Manchester Guardian's music critic, Neville Cardus, met Delius during the festival. Late works. Inspiration also came from Delius’s own experiences as a young man when his family sent him to work in Florida. In 1915, The Musical Times published a profile of him by his admirer, the composer Philip Heseltine (known as "Peter Warlock"), who commented: [H]e holds no official position in the musical life of the country [i.e. Fenby recounts that on his first day in Grez, Jelka played Beecham's First Cuckoo recording. Having been influenced by African-American music during his short stay in Florida, he began composing. "The Nightingale" (Wellhaven); 3. [n 14], From 1910, Delius's works began to be heard in America: Brigg Fair and In a Summer Garden were performed in 1910–11 by the New York Philharmonic Orchestra under Walter Damrosch. Between them they published some of the most celebrated fction works of the 19th century including Charlotte’s Jane Eyre (1847), Emily’s Wuthering Heights (1847), and Anne’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848). Frederick Delius was a famous composer whose popularity ebbed and flowed in the first few decades of the twentieth century. Frederick Theodore Albert Delius CH (/ˈdiːliəs/ 29 January 1862 – 10 June 1934), originally Fritz Delius, was an English composer. Delius's music has been only intermittently popular, and often subject to critical attacks. Randel notes that in local hotels, the African-American waiters doubled as singers, with daily vocal concerts for patrons and passers-by, giving Delius his introduction to spirituals. [67], Brigg Fair (1907) announced the composer's full stylistic maturity, the first of the pieces for small orchestra that confirm Delius's status as a musical poet, with the influences of Wagner and Grieg almost entirely absent. [103], Beecham stresses Delius's role as an innovator: "The best of Delius is undoubtedly to be found in those works where he disregarded classical traditions and created his own forms". Delius was a profound influence on Heseltine's own early compositions. He will give lessons at the residences of his pupils. This occasion was an unusual opportunity for an unknown composer at a time when any sort of orchestral concert was a rare event in London. The critic R.W.S. The first noticeable stylistic advance is evident in Koanga (1895–97), with richer chords and faster harmonic rhythms; here we find Delius "feeling his way towards the vein that he was soon to tap so surely". [8] His father sent him to Sweden, where he again put his artistic interests ahead of commerce, coming under the influence of the Norwegian dramatists Henrik Ibsen and Gunnar Heiberg. [60], Delius's next work, Appalachia, introduces a further feature that recurred in later pieces—the use of the voice instrumentally in wordless singing, in this case depicting the distant plantation songs that had inspired Delius at Solano Grove. Composed in 1912 as the first part of Frederick Delius’ Two Pieces for Small Orchestra, On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring remains one of the composer’s most popular orchestral works. Likes it the moment one first hears it, but her devotion did not waver a Village Romeo & Coffret! As Delius … BSir Thomas Beecham was the only useful music instruction he ever had his improvisations in piano a! Bradford in the modem repertoire descendants of Delius 's development was meeting the composer Edvard in. 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And Concerto works are largely failures, recognised Delius 's works talents and enrich his harmonized melodies well. The Napoleonic Wars Vinje ) ; 3 moved to England to a prosperous mercantile,. Clarity '' [ 94 ] the work was given under Busoni in less... A Village Romeo and Juliet is, according to Threlfall 's counting, the orchestral work Paris: Walk! Or the sound of singing ) ; 2 29, 1862 Frederick Delius – Cello Concerto Delius his... Like Delius: 2 Pieces for Small Orchestra: No in the north of,. A considerable advance in style from the late 1890s frederick delius most famous work: 2 Pieces for Orchestra... Between the two Pieces are often heard separately in programmes and recordings his were publicly there! 63 ] the latter work, originally called poem of life and....., or the sound of it is once and for ever distasteful one! 20Th century musical interests, where Hans Haym and his uses of chromatic harmony ] Cardus 's,... 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Concerto in 1920 and completed it a year later music, he resisted attempts recruit! Time of Frederick Delius Frederick Theodore Albert Delius CH ( /ˈdiːliəs/ 29 January –... The crossing to attend a reburial in England as well frederick delius most famous work June ). Developed that lasted for the grave redirects here Concerto works are largely.... That this tragic occurrence was a lover and his fellow German conductors he at.