One reason why this pandemic was so devastating was that young people accounted for a large share of the population. J. Infect. PMID 30202996. But it was named as such because Spain was neutral in the First World War (1914-18), which meant it was free to report on the severity of the pandemic, while countries that were fighting tried to suppress reports on how the influenza impacted their population to maintain morale and not appear weakened in the eyes of the enemies. Hosing the streets This is alarming because the population is between 10,000 and 12,000 persons. In 1918 it was railroads and steamships that connected the world. Study shows deaths in New York quadrupled in early months. In J Glob Health. The Spanish flu led to record death tolls. “As a prevention measure and to stop the so-called “Spanish Flu” from propagating to other places in the country, the Ministry has ordered the closure of the Laredo Border Customs Office in Tamaulipas while the risk of infection prevails; once it disappears and the conditions of the place are positive, the reopening of the traffic will be opened in the mentioned office.”. Feb 17;41(2):145-151. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2020.02.003. Mexico was not exempt from this health crisis that took thousands of lives. Gilbert, Marius, Giulia Pullano, Francesco Pinotti, Eugenio Valdano, Chiara Poletto, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Eric D’Ortenzio, et al. Please consult our full legal disclaimer. Online here. Did you know the coronavirus outbreak is an international emergency? In the last 150 years the world has seen an unprecedented improvement in health. Smith F. B. De no existir previa autorización, queda expresamente prohibida la Publicación, retransmisión, edición y cualquier otro uso de los contenidos, Fernanda Ramírez, Jessica Soto & Fernando Palacios, The pandemic at Havanna – Measures Against Infested Ships, the coronavirus discovered in China should not be the SARS of 2020, El juego de las vacunas y las grillas del gabinete, Los muertes Covid en casa y la hambruna de oxígeno…, "Si no te mata el virus, lo hace el hambre", Ordena gobierno priorizar la producción de oxígeno, Por alta demanda, costo de tanques de oxígeno hasta se triplica, México registra 21 mil 7 contagios en un día: Salud, Las 5 mejores series, poco conocidas, que puedes ver en streaming, Ivanka Trump se muda de Washington a millonario apartamento de Miami, Bernie Sanders reacciona a memes y lanza sudadera con famosa imagen, Video capta a sicarios de empresario y su escolta, desataron balacera en colonia Nápoles, Nuevas restricciones por semáforo rojo en SLP, Elecciones en Querétaro podrían posponerse para septiembre, Muestran a pacientes con tanques de oxígeno en sala de espera, To print a sheet of paper that will be distributed throughout all the Republic which will contain. Proc. The paper includes detailed breakdowns of mortality estimates by world region and country. What also stands out is how abrupt and damning negative health events can be. American Journal of Epidemiology. Online here. And we say this because the so-called flu, which has had fatal results in Europe with victims year after year, is harmless in these regions where it is only a more or less intense cold. *While Mexico says it has reduced in the North, Monterrey says the disease is worsening. The visualization shows that in many countries life expectancy, which measures the average age of death, doubled from around 40 years or less to more than 80 years. Have you heard there are over 10,000 dengue cases registered in Mexico? 8 55–73. 10.1073/pnas.0408290102 Online here. On Alaska also see here and on Samoa see here. Partly online on Google books. In 1918, an influenza virus known as the Spanish flu killed over 50 million people all over the world, making it the deadliest pandemic in modern history. Patterson and Pyle (1991) wrote ‘we believe that approximately 30 million is the best estimate for the terrible demographic toll of the influenza pandemic of 1918’ and published a range from 24.7-39.3 million deaths. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 65(1), p.4. We have a page dedicated to the research and data on the Coronavirus outbreak. Additionally the populations in many parts of the world were weakened by a global war. Smith F. B. Public resources were small and many countries had just spent large shares of their resources on the war. Novel swine-origin influenza A virus in humans: another pandemic knocking at the door. The chief of the Health Department proposed to the President of the Republic to adopt the following measures that were approved: Dr. Ballina’s Opinion 198 962–970. How large was the share who died in the pandemic? The sickness had a strong presence in the north of the country and the government implemented drastic measures, such as closing the borders and hosing the streets with creolin – a strong disinfectant – to avoid its propagation. Online here. (2018) concluded that earlier estimates have been too high. And if it was in fact higher – 100 million as these authors suggest – then the global death rate would have been 5.4%.10, The world population was growing by around 13 million every year in this period which suggests that the period of the Spanish flu was likely the last time in history when the world population was declining.11, The Spanish flu pandemic was the largest, but not the only large recent influenza pandemic. Thinking there may be … (1995) – The Russian influenza in the United Kingdom, 1889-1894. Online here. See also Alyssa S. Parpia, Martial L. Ndeffo-Mbah, Natasha S. Wenzel, and Alison P. Galvani (2016) – Effects of Response to 2014–2015 Ebola Outbreak on Deaths from Malaria, HIV/AIDS, and Tuberculosis, West Africa. In other words, if we had precise annual counts they would likely show a decline of the world population in 1918. Spanish Flu was the most serious pandemic in history, with millions of deaths worldwide. A 2005 estimate put the death toll at 50 million (about 3% of the global population), and possibl… Gatherer (2009)13 published the estimate of 1.5 million, while Michaelis et al. Hist. Also referred to as the Bombay Influenza or the Bombay Fever in India, the pandemic is believed to have killed up to 17 - 18 million people in the country, the most among all countries. In this regard, the President of the High Council of Health, the doctor and General José María Rodríguez directed a letter to the manager of the Spanish Transatlantic Company, letting him know that the “Alfonso XII” ship will only be accepted in the port of Veracruz where it will be put in quarantine since the rest of the ports in the Gulf do not have the necessary conditions” (…). Today the sharing of data, research, and news is certainly not perfect, but very different and much more open than in the past. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-009-0118-5 Online here. Online here. 45 174–178. An estimate from 1991 states that the virus killed between 25 and 39 million people. Mr. José M. de la Garza, Municipal President of Mexico is seriously worried about the invasion of the Spanish Flu pandemic threatening Mexico City. The visualization here shows the available estimates from the different research publication discussed in the following. Estimates as to how many infected people died vary greatly, but the flu is regardless considered to be one of the deadliest pandemicsin history. Published online 2019 Oct 22. doi: 10.7189/jogh.09.020421 PMCID: PMC6815659 PMID: 31673337 Online here. 50,000,000 deaths / 1,832,196,157 people = 0.02729 And with a death count twice is high: 0.05458. Further below I will briefly discuss similarities and differences with the Coronavirus (COVID-19) in 2019/20. Nurses at work combating the influenza epidemic at the Red Cross in Seattle, 1918. & Cinatl, J. To make sense of the fact life expectancy declined so abruptly, one has to understand what it measures. A 1991 paper revised the mortality as being in the range 24.7-39.3 million. U.S.A. 102 11059–11063. This long-term rise of life expectancy at all ages is the focus of this accompanying text here. Online here. Online here. After the director of the hospital knew about the situation, he ordered to have a pavilion ready for their arrival that will be exclusively destined for those affected with the mentioned disease and in which, as usual, there will be perfect antisepsis. Español. Meanwhile, in San Pedro, Coahuila, the disease has continued growing and there are days in which the victims ascend to 100. Health measures Our World In Data is a project of the Global Change Data Lab, a registered charity in England and Wales (Charity Number 1186433). 10 Misconceptions About the 1918 ‘Spanish Flu’ In the pandemic of 1918, between 50 and 100 million people are thought to have died, … Our ambassador in Havanna sent a cablegram to the Foreign Affairs Ministry reporting that the “Spanish Flu” pandemic has appeared and is expanding on the whole island, mainly to the eastern provinces. page dedicated to the research and data on the Coronavirus outbreak, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3750-8, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-009-0118-5, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30411-6. (2009) published a lower estimate of 1–2 million.16, The Russian Flu pandemic of 1977-78 was caused by the same H1N1 virus that caused the Spanish flu. * Medications will be brought from the United States. The virus that causes COVID-19 is a coronavirus, not an influenza virus that caused the Spanish flu and the other influenza pandemics listed above. 8 55–73. The Finance Ministry said the following about the decision taken yesterday by the Customs General Direction: “Regarding the reports received from the Nuevo Laredo Border Customs Office Administrator in Tamaulipas, this Ministry has decided to reopen to the public the mentioned office.”, Health care in Mexico: disinformation, new tariffs, and contradictions. 187 (12): 2561–2567. One of the deadliest pandemics in human history was the one that took place in 1918 when the “Spanish Flu” spread and had a toll of 50 million deaths all over the world. Did you know the coronavirus discovered in China should not be the SARS of 2020? Dis. Johnson, N.P. All of our charts can be embedded in any site. This is in order to prevent the propagation of the terrible “Spanish flu” that is wreaking havoc in the region. Following the outbreak of the H1N1 influenza pandemic of 1918, which came to be known as the Spanish Flu, the number of deaths due to influenza and pneumonia soared. With the objective of providing our readers with relevant statements about the “Spanish Flu” pandemic, here are the statements made by Dr. Francisco Ballina, director of the Spanish Hospital: “First. The flu weakens all over the countryOctober 14, 1918. Michaelis, M., Doerr, H.W. Traffic between Monterrey and Torreón suspended The red line shows the life expectancy for a newborn, with the rainbow-colored lines above showing how long a person could expect to live once they had reached that given, older, age. Smith (1995) estimates that the Russian flu killed 132,000 in England, Wales, and Ireland. London: Macmillan. 8 55–73. Margaret Pitt, then a pupil at Milton Mount College in Gravesend, recalled being offered something milder to drink: “The school was warned [of] the coming epidemic, so they tried to get us all home early before the Easter holidays. How do these estimates compare with the size of the world population at the time? The “Spanish Flu” pandemic that was developing at an alarming pace in northeast Mexico has begun to decrease, according to reports obtained from authorized sources. Mortality was high in people younger than 5 years old, … Current estimates for the annual number of deaths from influenza are around 400,000 deaths per year. In Sweden, the pandemic has caused around 3,700 deaths since the first reported fatality in March, but has not been as deadly as some seasonal flu … According to information supplied by the Civil Registry, there were 11 cases of death registered with no other event worth mentioning. One of the deadliest pandemics in human history was the one that took place in 1918 when the “Spanish Flu” spread and had a toll of 50 million deaths all over the world. *Infested ships will only be allowed in Veracruz, where they will be put on strict quarantine. 1918 flu pandemic in India was the outbreak of an unusually deadly influenza pandemic in India between 1918-1920 as a part of the worldwide Spanish flu pandemic. This is how EL UNIVERSAL covered the presence of the Spanish Flu in Mexico: On Guard Against the Spanish FluOctober 101, 1918, *The Health Department adopts energetic measures to prevent the pandemic from expanding Temples, schools, theaters, and other places were people can gather have been closed. Railroad traffic between the cities of Torreón and Monterrey, who are connected by three railway lines, will be suspended today in the way called Hipólito, according to orders given by the general direction. Roman Duda (2016) – Problem profile: Biorisk reduction. More than 100 years before the coronavirus outbreak, the world was ravaged by the Spanish Flu pandemic, which infected an estimated one-third of the global population. Med. These differences suggest that one should be cautious in drawing lessons from the outbreak a century ago. Instead historians try to reconstruct the population figures for 5-year or 10-year intervals and the annual estimates are interpolations between these estimates. It is said that we are already 800,000 inhabitants of which 20% is in conditions to fight the disease due to health conditions needed to fight any pandemic; therefore, there would be a big percentage that would be easy prey for the disease. When the flu rampaged through Spain, the Spanish government publicly announced the epidemic. 10.1086/591708. But it is true that the world today is much better connected. SALTILLO, Coah., October 9. We use the CDC, NIH and individual state and county databases for verification and supplementation for USA data. As an answer, we received a message from a military doctor who informed us that there are only 17 cases but none of them present alarming symptoms. This was not just an achievement across these countries; life expectancy has doubled in all regions of the world. (2009) around 700,000 died worldwide.17. Most striking is the large, sudden decline of life expectancy in 1918, caused by an unusually deadly influenza pandemic that became known as the ‘Spanish flu’. Natl. The influenza outbreak started in the Northern Hemisphere in the spring of 1918. The light green line, for example, represents the life expectancy for children who had reached age 10. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi (2020) – The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Published in 2009 by the WHO. He said the ship “Alfonso XII” arrived with 1,200 migrants on board, out of which 23 died due to the terrible disease and 300 were infected. Soc. Health authorities have noticed the danger that lingers upon the Republic, and to prevent its propagation, the Health Department has ordered the following measures. If we look at mortality for both lower respiratory infections (pneumonia) and upper respiratory infections today, death rates are highest for those who are 70 years and older. While the life expectancy at birth and at young ages declined by more than ten years, the life expectancy of 60- and 70-year olds saw no change. The age-specific mortality seems to be very different. John Paget, Peter Spreeuwenberg, Vivek Charu Robert J Taylor, A Danielle Iuliano, Joseph Bresee, Lone Simonsen, Cecile Viboud,3 and for the Global Seasonal Influenza-associated Mortality Collaborator Network and GLaMOR Collaborating Teams (2019) – Global mortality associated with seasonal influenza epidemics: New burden estimates and predictors from the GLaMOR Project. Unlike Spanish flu where young people were most affected, Covid-19 appeared to be most deadly amongst the older population. The new coronavirus that causes COVID-19 appears to be most lethal to the elderly, based on early evidence in China.20. Experts agree the Spanish flu occurred in multiple waves and that the second wave was significantly more deadly than the others. The Russian flu pandemic was a devastating event in itself. ], This influenza outbreak wasn’t restricted to Spain and it didn’t even originate there (recent research by Olson et al. The black death, at least to begin with. Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone. It was the Spanish flu. Hist. (2019) – A year of terror and a century of reflection: perspectives on the great influenza pandemic of 1918–1919. Katherine says her father, who had lost his son - her brother - at the Battle of Ypres in 1917 - was inconsolable after his wife's death, demonstrating how the flu piled tragedy upon tragedy. “Reassessing the Global Mortality Burden of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic”. Soc. (1995) – The Russian influenza in the United Kingdom, 1889-1894. With respect to the impact of the Spanish flu it is striking that the visualization shows that the pandemic had very little impact on older people. When comparing COVID-19 with the Spanish flu, there are a number of important differences that should be considered: They are not the same disease and the virus causing these diseases are very different. Morens D. M., Taubenberger J. K., Fauci A. S. (2008) – Predominant role of bacterial pneumonia as a cause of death in pandemic influenza: implications for pandemic influenza preparedness. A new pathogen can cause terrible devastation and lead to the death of millions. The development of the flu in the capitalTuesday, October 15, 1918. and Mueller, J. We’ve also seen above that during the Spanish flu many countries tried to suppress any information about the influenza outbreak. For the definitions of epidemic and pandemic see the CDC here. The pandemic in Coahuila state Epidemiological evidence of an early wave of the 1918 influenza pandemic in New York City. Online here. Spanish Flu: the virus that changed the world; 10 facts about the Black Death; Why was Spanish Flu called Spanish flu? The 1918 hit a world population of which a very large share was extremely poor – large shares of the population were undernourished, in most parts of the world the populations lived in very poor health, and overcrowding, poor sanitation and low hygiene standards were common. doi: 10.3201/eid2203.150977 PMCID: PMC4766886 PMID: 26886846 Online here. For this reason the Spanish flu has been cited as a warning and as a motivation to prepare well for large pandemic outbreaks, which have been considered likely by many researchers.23. What becomes clear from this overview are two things: influenza pandemics are not rare, but the Spanish flu of 1918 was by far the most devastating influenza pandemic in recorded history. All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. 2019 Dec; 9(2): 020421. The 2009 H1N1 influenza outbreak in its historical context. Cleaning latrines is essential and can be easily done.". 2013; 8(8): e69586. Hist. The Spanish flu hit the world in the days before antibiotics were invented; and many deaths, perhaps most, were not caused by the influenza virus itself, but by secondary bacterial infections. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. Morens et al (2008) found that during the Spanish flu “the majority of deaths … likely resulted directly from secondary bacterial pneumonia caused by common upper respiratory–tract … In Emerg Infect Dis. We will always indicate the original source of the data in our documentation, so you should always check the license of any such third-party data before use and redistribution. Online here. Have you heard Mexico's HIV epidemic needs to stop? Overall, the Spanish flu was present in England from June 1918 to April 1920 in three different waves, meaning it was in the country for just under two years. Online here. Nickol, M.E., Kindrachuk, J. Med. (2013) – Age-Specific Mortality During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Unravelling the Mystery of High Young Adult Mortality.PLoS One. All inhabitants, even those with few elements, can collaborate in this task with a bit of goodwill and basic hygiene. The Spanish flu hit the world in the days before antibiotics were invented; and many deaths, perhaps most, were not caused by the influenza virus itself, but by secondary bacterial infections. But it is false to attribute a specific number of deaths to each wave. (2020) – “Preparedness and Vulnerability of African Countries against Importations of COVID-19: A Modelling Study.” The Lancet (February 20, 2020). Patterson, K.D. The Spanish flu reached its height in autumn 1918 but raged until 1920, ... France's wartime trenches, ridden with filth, disease, and death, were originally seen as the flu… ... That’s the way the country also dealt with it.” It is highly probable a similar measure will be taken in the Coahuila and Pacific railways because the city of Saltillo wants to be isolated since it has not been invaded by the pandemic yet. Estimates suggest that the world population in 1918 was 1.8 billion. According to Michaelis et al. (2018) implies that the Spanish flu killed almost 1% (0.95%) of the world population.9, If we rely on the estimate of 50 million deaths published by Johnson and Mueller, it implies that the Spanish flu killed 2.7% of the world population. To have a context for the severity of influenza pandemics it might be helpful to know the death count of a typical flu season. The appearance of the “Spanish Flu” in our country has acquired alarming characteristics for it is present in several places as a strong pandemic. Yesterday, we were given information by the Finance Ministry which we immediately published about the measures issued by the Customs General Direction to prevent the propagation of the pandemic that has started in northeast Mexico. The Spanish flu infected around 500 million people, about one-third of the world's population. (2009) published an estimate of 2–4 million.14, According to a WHO publication the “Hong Kong Flu” (1968-1969) killed between 1 and 4 million people.15, Michaelis et al. License: All of Our World in Data is completely open access and all work is licensed under the Creative Commons BY license. As you will surely remember, we reported it was known that in Juchitepec, Tenango del Aire in the State of Mexico, there had been some “Spanish Flu” cases registered and so we investigated the result of the test performed by the Department. This last visualization here shows the life expectancy in England and Wales by age. The 1918 flu, known as the Spanish flu after the country’s press were among the first to report on it, killed between 50 and 100 million people around the world. David Arnold (2019) estimates … Several research teams have worked on the difficult problem of reconstructing the global health impact of the pandemic. "Fortunately, the government is already in charge of ordering the measures it considers efficient to limit the blow, whose effects we hope not to be as important as some assert. Patterson and Pyle (1991) estimated that between 24.7 and 39.3 million died from the pandemic.6, The widely cited study by Johnson and Mueller (2002) arrives at a much higher estimate of 50 million global deaths. - The State government has ordered important measures to counteract the terrible “Spanish Flu” pandemic that is propagating in the State. This means that in recent years the flu was responsible for the death of 0.0052% of the world population – one person out of 18,750.5 Even in comparison to the low estimate for the death count of the Spanish flu (17.4 million) this pandemic, more than a century ago, caused a death rate that was 182 -times higher than today’s baseline. Spanish Flu Victims (1918-1920) by Bellamy8897 | created - 19 Feb 2016 | updated - 9 months ago | Public People associated with the arts (film, theater, literature, etc.) As a matter of fact, we had access to a message dated in Monterrey in which the governor Nicéforo Zambrano asserts that due to the measures implemented by his government, the epic has disappeared, according to opinions of local doctors. P. Spreeuwenberg; et al. Almost exactly 100 years ago, one-third of the world's population found itself infected in a deadly viral pandemic. While most of the world is much richer and healthier now, the concern today too is that it is the poorest people that are going to be hit hardest by the COVID-19 outbreak.22. Smith F. B. [If you want to understand this in more detail you find our discussion of it here. (2002) – Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918-1920 “Spanish” influenza pandemic. Paget et al (2019) suggest an average of 389,000 with an uncertainty range 294,000 from 518,000.4. It is becoming apparent that there are differences in the death rates for different groups during the Coronavirus pandemic, and there is no clear explanation of why this is. Although the actual origin of the disease was France and then it spread to Spain, it was the Iberic country that informed about the consequences of the pandemic that disseminated due to the mobilization of troops in WWI. The pandemic at Havanna – Measures Against Infested Ships The primary focus was on passengers entering from the US, The United Kingdom, Canada, Mexico, France and New Zealand. It was patchy. Period life expectancy, which is the precise name for this measure, only looks at the mortality pattern in one particular year and then captures this snapshot of population health as the average age of death of a hypothetical cohort of people for which that year’s mortality pattern would remain constant throughout their entire lifetimes. The Spanish flu, unusually for an influenza, was less lethal for older people, perhaps because a similar 1830s flu outbreak granted older people still alive in … (1 December 2018). The Health delegate in Nuevo Laredo also asserts in a telegram issued to the president of the Department Dr. José María Rodríguez, that the pandemic has continued decreasing and stresses as a meaningful fact that people are attending in short numbers the stores that supply medications to fight the flu. OUR DATA: We use the most recent data from these primary sources: WHO, World Bank, UNESCO, CIA and individual country databases for global health and causes of death. Zika: the consequences of the epidemic in Mexico, Copyright © Todos los derechos reservados | EL UNIVERSAL, Compañía Periodística Nacional. Are not available for the annual number of deaths from influenza are around 400,000 per! Of reflection: perspectives on the difficult problem of reconstructing the global health impact the... 10,000 dengue cases registered in Mexico parts of the 20th century and mortality of the world weakened. Was that young people were estimated to have a page dedicated to the research and data on coronavirus! Seattle, 1918 countries tried to suppress any information about the black death ; why was Spanish flu spanish flu deaths by country. That is propagating in the United Kingdom, 1889-1894 did not end until two later. In England, Wales, and other places were people can gather have been closed declared experts. The geography and mortality of the order of 50 million worldwide with about 675,000 occurring the. 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